![]() Simple chemical weapons were used sporadically throughout antiquity and into the Industrial Age. ![]() Main article: History of chemical warfare John Singer Sargent's iconic World War I painting: Gassed, showing blind casualties on a battlefield after a mustard gas attack Category 3 - devices and equipment designed to use chemical weapons, without the substances themselves.Category 2 - based on non-Schedule 1 substances.Category 1 - based on Schedule 1 substances.The OPCW must be notified of, and may inspect, any plant producing more than 30 tons per year.Ĭhemical weapons are divided into three categories: Both have been used as chemical weapons but phosgene is an important precursor in the manufacture of plastics, and chloropicrin is used as a fumigant. Examples include phosgene and chloropicrin. Schedule 3 – Have legitimate large-scale industrial uses.Examples include dimethyl methylphosphonate, a precursor to sarin also used as a flame retardant, and thiodiglycol, a precursor chemical used in the manufacture of mustard gas but also widely used as a solvent in inks. Schedule 2 – Have no large-scale industrial uses, but may have legitimate small-scale uses.Any production over 100 grams (3.5 oz) must be reported to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) and a country can have a stockpile of no more than one tonne of these chemicals. Examples include nerve agents, ricin, lewisite and mustard gas. testing of chemical weapons sensors and protective clothing). These may only be produced or used for research, medical, pharmaceutical or protective purposes (i.e. ![]() Schedule 1 – Have few, if any, legitimate uses.Under the convention, chemicals that are toxic enough to be used as chemical weapons, or that may be used to manufacture such chemicals, are divided into three groups according to their purpose and treatment: The entire class, known as Lethal Unitary Chemical Agents and Munitions, has been scheduled for elimination by the CWC. Ībout 70 different chemicals have been used or were stockpiled as chemical warfare agents during the 20th century. Under this convention, any toxic chemical, regardless of its origin, is considered a chemical weapon unless it is used for purposes that are not prohibited (an important legal definition known as the General Purpose Criterion). toxins such as botulinum toxin, ricin, and saxitoxin) is considered chemical warfare under the provisions of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). The offensive use of living organisms (such as anthrax) is considered biological warfare rather than chemical warfare however, the use of nonliving toxic products produced by living organisms (e.g. Chemical warfare is different from the use of conventional weapons or nuclear weapons because the destructive effects of chemical weapons are not primarily due to any explosive force.
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